Availability, properties, and policy on oil palm biomass (OPB) waste in Indonesia is outlined. Torrefied OPB is discussed for the production of upgraded solid fuel. OPB biochar is reviewed for soil amendment and carbon storage. Market perspective of the thermally-treated OPB is described. Indonesia is the world’s largest palm oil producing country.
Are oil palm plantations causing deforestation in Indonesia?
The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) data shows that oil palm plantations were the main cause of deforestation in Indonesia between 2021 and 2022, leading to 200 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually.
How has palm oil benefited Indonesia?
As the largest producer of palm oil, its production has benefited more than 4 million smallholder households and lifted around 2.6 million rural Indonesians out of poverty. The production and expansion of palm plantation areas have led to a 2.7% faster poverty reduction and a 4% faster consumption growth (Palm Oil Monitor: 2020).
Where did oil palm trees come from?
The oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis) was introduced to Indonesia in 1848 from West Africa and then spread to Southeast Asia . Oil palm plantations are concentrated in tropical areas with appropriate climate and soil conditions, as in Indonesia .